An Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is a semiconductor device widely used in power electronics. It combines the simple gate-drive characteristics of MOSFETs with the high-current and low-saturation-voltage capability of bipolar transistors. IGBTs are primarily used to switch electrical power in many modern appliances, from electric cars to air conditioners, where efficient energy conversion is crucial. They are favored for their ability to handle high voltages and currents with relatively low gate-drive power.
The main uses of IGBTs include variable-frequency drives (VFDs), electric vehicle motor controllers, and renewable energy inverters, particularly in solar and wind power systems. They are appreciated for their efficiency, which helps in minimizing heat generation and enhancing the reliability of electronic systems. Key characteristics include high efficiency, robustness, and the ability to operate at high frequencies. Prominent manufacturers of IGBTs include Infineon, Toshiba, and Fuji Electric.