Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC), commonly known as supercapacitors, are energy storage devices that bridge the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries. They store potential energy in an electric field, created by the movement of charges between two electrode plates, separated by an electrolyte. Unlike batteries, which offer high energy density, supercapacitors provide high power density. This means they can charge and discharge energy much faster than batteries, making them ideal for applications requiring rapid bursts of power. Their main functions include power leveling, voltage stabilization in electronic devices, and providing the quick bursts of energy required in applications such as digital communications, and power recovery and storage systems.
Supercapacitors are particularly useful in applications where longevity and reliability are crucial. For instance, they are used in regenerative braking systems in electric vehicles to capture and reuse energy that would otherwise be lost as heat. They are also employed in portable electronic devices, medical equipment, and renewable energy systems to provide backup power or handle peak power demands. Prominent manufacturers of EDLCs include Maxwell Technologies, Panasonic, and Nesscap, among others.