2D materials refer to a class of substances that are only one or two atoms thick, making them exceptionally thin with a two-dimensional structure. The most well-known example is graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. These materials' primary functions include serving as conductive, mechanical, or thermal interfaces, as well as possessing a range of electrical, optical, and chemical properties that are distinct from their 3D counterparts. Because of their unique properties, such as high strength, flexibility, and conductivity, 2D materials are revolutionizing various technological applications.
The main uses of 2D materials span across a plethora of industries, including electronics, where they are used as transistors and sensors; energy, where they make efficient solar cells and batteries; and in medical fields, where they contribute to drug delivery systems and biosensors. Their characteristics like high surface area, strength, and electrical conductivity make them perfect for these advanced applications. Notable manufacturers of 2D materials include companies such as Graphenea, 2D Materials Pte Ltd, and 2D Semiconductors.