Stepper motors are precision electromechanical devices used to convert electrical pulses into mechanical movement. Each pulse moves the motor to a specific angle, allowing for precise control of position and speed. These motors are integral in applications requiring accurate positioning and repeatability, such as in robotics, 3D printers, and CNC machinery. The main functions of stepper motors include controlled movement, holding torque when stationary, and low-speed torque for operations needing fine adjustments.
The unique characteristics of stepper motors include their ability to precisely move between discrete positions, known as steps, and their capability to operate without feedback systems due to their predictable nature. They are widely used in industries such as automation, medical device manufacturing, and the automotive sector for tasks like fluid control, automated production lines, and lens positioning in cameras. Prominent manufacturers of stepper motors include NEMA, Bosch Rexroth, and Sanyo Denki, among others.