Image Sensors and Cameras are classified as key components within the family of Sensors and Transducers. At their core, Image Sensors are devices that convert an optical image into an electronic signal. For the layman, you can understand it as the component in your devices that "see" or "capture" the pictures and video. They are widely used in electronic imaging devices of both analog and digital types, which include digital cameras, camera modules, medical imaging equipment, night vision equipment such as thermal imaging devices, radar, sonar, and others.
When it comes to application-specific instructions, image sensors, and cameras differ greatly. For instance, in security applications, they are predominantly used in surveillance devices. In the medical field, image sensors are used in innovative equipment for better diagnosis and treatment. Their main characteristic is their ability to convert light waves into digital information. This makes them unique and crucial for any device that involves the use of visuals. As for manufacturers, some primary ones include Sony, Samsung, OmniVision, Canon, ON Semiconductor, STMicroelectronics, and Panasonic.